For Thai people, the Pha Khao Ma (a traditional loincloth) is a versatile and vital textile that has been deeply intertwined with Thai society for an extended period. Some may think that all Pha Khao Ma are the same, but in reality, each region's version of Pha Khao Ma has its unique characteristics. These distinct features have led to the proposal for the Thai Pha Khao Ma to be registered as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity with UNESCO.
Not long ago, the Pha Khao Ma was showcased as part of Thailand's Soft Power at the World Dance Day 2023 event in Jakarta, Indonesia. The Department of Cultural Promotion, Ministry of Culture, brought the Pha Khao Ma as part of an opportunity for youths from various countries to display their cultural talents. Two performances were featured: one of a narrative dance ensemble using the Pha Khao Ma as the primary prop, telling the story of its daily use in Thai life and its significance as a Thai symbol; the other was a Phuen Thai performance, demonstrating Thai dance moves and traditional dress using Pha Khao Ma from all regions, portraying peaceful and harmonious coexistence under the benevolent reign of Thai monarchs.
Due to the multipurpose nature of the Pha Khao Ma, the Thai government proposed in February that the Pha Khao Ma be submitted as a representative of intangible cultural heritage of humanity to UNESCO. This proposal is based on the diverse values of the Pha Khao Ma, its widespread use across all sectors and communities, and its presence in various ethnic groups across the country, each with its unique regional characteristics.
Particularly noteworthy is the loincloth's easy accessibility and strong connection to many aspects of Thai life. The cloth is woven for personal use in households and exchanged within villages and communities, even used as gifts and for various ceremonies. Historical evidence suggests that the Pha Khao Ma dates back to the Chiang Saen period, reflecting the transmission and enhancement of traditional wisdom, and its quality has been improved for varied uses until the present day.
Since cannabis was taken off the list of narcotic drugs, there has been an increase in the number of foods, beverages, and snacks.
According to the Immigration Act 1979, in Section 4, the definition of “a person in charge of conveyance" means a ship's master or person responsible for supervising a vehicle
For foreigners wishing to extend their stay in Thailand, in the case of being family members of a Thai national (only parents, spouses, children, adopted children, or children of spouses), the Immigration Office has determined the requirements, as follows
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